{"id":586,"date":"2026-09-04T12:00:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T10:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/?p=586"},"modified":"2026-09-12T22:06:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T20:06:36","slug":"bolivya-cob-yonetimi-paz-hukumetini-kurtardi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/2026\/09\/04\/bolivya-cob-yonetimi-paz-hukumetini-kurtardi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolivya: COB y\u00f6netimi Paz h\u00fck\u00fcmetini kurtard\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='corps_texte'>\n19 Haziran&#8217;da, 50 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren grevler, g\u00f6steriler, yol kesintileri ve resmi polis g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile fa\u015fist \u00e7etelerle ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Bolivya \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (COB) Genel Sekreteri Argollo, Paz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti (PDC-Unidad blo\u011fu) ile \u201cbar\u0131\u015f ve \u00fclkenin yeniden aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d konulu bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">COB\u2019un en \u00fcst d\u00fczey yetkilisi Mario Argollo, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu gece imzalanan anla\u015fmaya yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in 90 g\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funu duyurdu. \u201cKan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesini\u201d \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in diyalog yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan Argollo, \u201cBunun ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal durumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini istemiyoruz\u201d dedi.<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vision360.bo\/noticias\/2026\/06\/19\/54001-tras-la-firma-del-acuerdo-entre-el-gobierno-nacional-y-la-cob-argollo-instruye-el-levantamiento-de-medidas-de-presion-en-el-pais\">https:\/\/www.vision360.bo\/noticias\/2026\/06\/19\/54001-tras-la-firma-del-acuerdo-entre-el-gobierno-nacional-y-la-cob-argollo-instruye-el-levantamiento-de-medidas-de-presion-en-el-pais<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkedeki kitleler devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revden almak isterken, o koltu\u011funda kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 ve ablukalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>Egemenlik Alt\u0131nda Bir \u00dclke ve C\u00fcce Burjuvazi<\/h3>\n<p>G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da karayla \u00e7evrili bir \u00fclke olan Bolivya, 12,5 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip bir devlettir. \u00dclke, bat\u0131da iki da\u011f silsilesi aras\u0131nda yer alan \u0131l\u0131man iklimli bir yayla ile do\u011fuda tropikal iklimli bir al\u00fcvyon ovas\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Ana dil \u0130spanyolca olmakla birlikte, n\u00fcfusun \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Aymara veya Quechua dillerini konu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ekonomi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kalay ihracat\u0131na dayan\u0131rken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde gaz, lityum ve koka ihracat\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden kaynaklanan art\u0131 de\u011fer, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yasal ve mafya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yabanc\u0131 kapitalist gruplara aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yerel d\u00fczeyde sermaye birikimi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, burjuvazinin me\u015fruiyeti zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Burjuvazi, emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lere olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k derecesi, hangi g\u00fcce \u00f6ncelik verilece\u011fi ve kitlelerin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin, \u00f6\u011frencilerin, kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve ulusal az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n tekrarlayan m\u00fccadelelerine kar\u015f\u0131 izlenecek y\u00f6ntem konusunda s\u00fcrekli olarak b\u00f6l\u00fcnmektedir. Bu c\u0131l\u0131z egemen s\u0131n\u0131f, Amerikan efendisinin u\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmek, \u00c7in emperyalizmi kart\u0131n\u0131 oynamak ve milliyet\u00e7i s\u00f6ylemler aras\u0131nda gidip gelmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir se\u00e7enek, halk deste\u011fini ve i\u015f\u00e7i sendikalar\u0131 ile k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleri \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc garanti eder. Ancak milliyet\u00e7i partiler, iktidara geldiklerinde boyun e\u011fiyor, i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc tabanlar\u0131n\u0131 hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131yor; bu da yeni bir \u201cpop\u00fclist\u201d partinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oluyor: Ger\u00e7ek Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti (PNG), Devrimci Milliyet\u00e7i Hareket (MNR), Devrimci Sol Hareket (MIR), Sosyalizme Do\u011fru Hareket (MAS)\u2026<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDemokratik\u201d d\u00f6nemler, sivil h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere k\u0131yasla kitlelere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok daha \u015fiddetli davranan askeri cuntalarla (1964-1982) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Enternasyonal sayesinde, madenciler sendikas\u0131 1946\u2019da Pulacayo tezlerini benimsedi<\/h3>\n<p>1925-1927 \u00c7in devriminin korkun\u00e7 yenilgisinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ders \u015fudur: Kapitalizmin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi (emperyalist a\u015famas\u0131) oldu\u011fu analizine, s\u00fcrekli devrim stratejisi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal, egemen \u00fclkelerde bile proletaryan\u0131n burjuvazinin herhangi bir kanad\u0131na tabi olmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a reddeder.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Geli\u015fmemi\u015f \u00fclkelerin ulusal burjuvazisi, toplumu ulusal ve demokratik temeller \u00fczerinde yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctleyemez\u2026 Bununla birlikte, demokratik ve ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi sloganlar\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r\u2026 Demokratik m\u00fccadeleyi ulusal burjuvazinin eline b\u0131rakmamak gerekir; ancak bu m\u00fccadelenin, kitlesel bir ortamda i\u015f\u00e7i, k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve asker konseylerinin kurulmas\u0131yla ifade bulmas\u0131 gerekir\u2026 Bu m\u00fccadelede, i\u015f\u00e7i partisinin izlemesi gereken yol, kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. (\u201cS\u00f6m\u00fcrge D\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d, May\u0131s 1940, Les Congr\u00e8s de la 4e Internationale, La Br\u00e8che, t. 1, p. 419-420)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>Bolivya\u2019da madenciler, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda emperyalist Amerikan ordusunun kalay ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n da katk\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lenen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Madenciler Sendikalar Federasyonu (FSTMB), 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lechin\u2019in (MNR) \u00f6nderli\u011finde kuruldu. Federasyon, 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda Guillermo Lora ve Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin (POR) bir \u00e7ekirdek grubunun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, Pulacayo\u2019daki kongresinde devrimci bir program kabul etti. Pulacayo Tezleri, halk cephesine ve proletaryan\u0131n burjuvazinin herhangi bir kesimine boyun e\u011fmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r; bu kesim, i\u015f\u00e7ileri, k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri ve \u00f6\u011frencileri aldatmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine anti-emperyalist bir retorik benimsemi\u015f olsa bile.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">En \u00e7e\u015fitli ekonomik geli\u015fme a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde, niteliksel olarak kapitalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc hakimdir\u2026 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmemi\u015f burjuva g\u00f6revleri, ertelenemez bir \u015fekilde yerine getirilmesi gereken demokratik-burjuva hedefleridir\u2026 Devlet, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n rakibini ezmek i\u00e7in elinde bulundurdu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r\u2026 Burjuva-demokratik devrimin, niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi burjuvazinin \u201cilerici\u201d kesimleri taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fini savunmak, devrimci hareketi bo\u011fma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kararl\u0131 niyeti ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. (Pulacayo Tezleri, Kas\u0131m 1946, Masas, 1980, p. 13-16)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/espanol\/lora\/1946\/nov08.htm\">https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/espanol\/lora\/1946\/nov08.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ancak bu programda, \u00c7in\u2019deki GMD\u2019nin Bolivya\u2019daki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ve 1943\u2019te Binba\u015f\u0131 Villaroel\u2019in darbesiyle ilk kez iktidara gelen MNR\u2019den ya da Bol\u015fevik tarz\u0131 bir partiye duyulan ihtiya\u00e7tan s\u00f6z edilmiyor. POR, MNR\u2019den net bir \u015fekilde ayr\u0131\u015fam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>1946\u2019da burjuvazinin ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 kanad\u0131 iktidar\u0131 yeniden ele ge\u00e7irir ve 1952\u2019ye kadar bask\u0131 uygulad\u0131. Ocak 1947\u2019de se\u00e7ilen POR milletvekilleri, (hala MNR taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen) FSTB milletvekilleriyle birlikte \u201cParlamenter Madencilik Blo\u011fu\u201dnda yer ald\u0131lar. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u015fiddetli bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan POR, 1949\u2019da Partido de la Izquierda Revolucionaria\u2019ya (PIR, 1950\u2019de PCB\u2019nin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 Stalinist parti) ve MNR\u2019ye bir \u201canti-emperyalist birle\u015fik cephe\u201d \u00f6nerisinde bulundu.<\/p>\n<h3>1951\u2019de, 4. Enternasyonal\u2019in y\u00f6netimi yeniden \u201canti-emperyalist birle\u015fik cephe\u201dye y\u00f6neldi.<\/h3>\n<p>1948-1949 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, 4. Enternasyonal\u2019in liderleri (Pablo, Mandel, Frank\u2026), zirveye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Yugoslavya, Vietnam ve \u00c7in devrimlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer alan Stalinizm\u2019e uyum sa\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>1951\u2019de, \u201cd\u00fcnya kongrelerinde\u201d (POR ad\u0131na Hugo Gonzalez\u2019in de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131), 1922\u2019de Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen Zinoviev ve Radek\u2019in anti-emperyalist birle\u015fik cephesini (FUAI) yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdiler. \u00c7in devriminin trajedisi nedeniyle FUAI, 4. Enternasyonal\u2019in t\u00fcm program metinlerinden silinmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Revizyonist Uluslararas\u0131 Sekreterya (SIQI), Pulacayo tezlerine fiilen kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. POR\u2019u, milliyet\u00e7i ve anti-emperyalist s\u00f6ylemleriyle, uygun bir \u015fekilde \u201ck\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva\u201d olarak sunulan burjuva partisi Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario\u2019nun (MNR) kollar\u0131na itti.<\/p>\n<p>Bolivya\u2019da, yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen g\u00fc\u00e7lerimiz kitlelerden ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva MNR\u2019nin \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi hareketlerden kendilerini izole etmemelidir. (\u201cEmperyalist Sava\u015fa Kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fccadele\u201d, A\u011fustos 1951, <em>Les Congr\u00e8s de la 4<sup>e<\/sup> Internationale<\/em>, t. 4, p. 185)<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Kitlelerin MNR\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde veya bask\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda harekete ge\u00e7mesi durumunda, b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fcz bu hareketi t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcyle desteklemeli, \u00e7ekimser kalmamal\u0131, aksine anti-emperyalist tek cephenin ilerici program\u0131 temelinde, MNR\u2019nin iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesine kadar dahil olmak \u00fczere, hareketi olabildi\u011fince ileriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek amac\u0131yla enerjik bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale etmelidir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bu kitle hareketleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn MNR ile devrimci kitleler \u00fczerindeki etkiyi payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, iki partinin ortak bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmas\u0131 slogan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. (\u201cLatin Amerika \u00dczerine Karar\u201d, A\u011fustos 1951, Les Congr\u00e8s de la 4<sup>e<\/sup> Internationale, La Br\u00e8che,<strong> <\/strong>t. 4, p. 291)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>1952\u2019de POR, Guillermo Lora\u2019y\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 y\u00f6netimle (Pablist SIQI) i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Paris\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n<p>1951 program\u0131n\u0131n revizyonundan bu yana, s\u00f6zde Tro\u00e7kist hareket (Pablistler, Morenistler, Grantistler, Cliffistler, Lambertistler, Healistler, Loristler\u2026) i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ile egemen \u00fclkelerin burjuvazisi aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor, s\u00fcrekli devrim stratejisini Bol\u015fevik tarz\u0131 bir partiye ihtiya\u00e7 duymayan nesnel bir s\u00fcrece d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor, devrimci militanlar\u0131 egemen \u00fclkelerde burjuva milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi (\u0130slamc\u0131l\u0131k dahil) ve her yerde sendika b\u00fcrokrasileri \u00fczerinde basit bir bask\u0131 grubuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Se\u00e7imler ve anayasa meclisleri, burjuva partileriyle kurulan halk cepheleri, \u201csosyalist\u201d generaller ve albaylar, hatta dindar fanatikler hakk\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yan\u0131lsamay\u0131 besler. Programlar\u0131ndan, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Bolivya i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin \u015fan\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran \u00f6zsavunma, i\u015f\u00e7i milisleri ve ayaklanma unsurlar\u0131 \u00f6zenle \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>1952 devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda POR, MNR-COB koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetini destekledi<\/h3>\n<p>N\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu (K\u0131z\u0131lderili k\u00f6kenli) k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve i\u015f\u00e7iler olu\u015ftururken, siyasi iktidar \u201cla rosca\u201dya ba\u011fl\u0131 partiler veya generaller, \u201ckalay baronlar\u0131\u201d burjuvazisi ve (Avrupa s\u00f6m\u00fcrge k\u00f6kenli) b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu . Kad\u0131nlar ve okuma yazma bilmeyenler oy kullanamazd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>9 Nisan 1952\u2019de, MNR ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir ordu kesimi, emek\u00e7i kitleleri bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alan ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 bir darbe giri\u015fiminde bulundu. Madenciler ve emek\u00e7i k\u00f6yl\u00fcler bu bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurarak, POR\u2019un \u00f6nderli\u011finde yasal orduyu yerle bir eden silahl\u0131 milisler kurdular.<\/p>\n<p>Bolivya devriminin ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde POR\u2019un \u00e7abalar\u0131 sayesinde 17 Nisan 1952\u2019de COB kuruldu. Ancak POR, bir MNR h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, yani burjuva bir parti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurulmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Sendikalarda, POR\u2019u burjuva partinin Juan Lechin liderli\u011findeki kanad\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktu.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefleyen Sovyet tarz\u0131 organlar\u0131n yoklu\u011funda, Paz Estenssoro (MNR), POR\u2019un deste\u011fiyle kapitalist devletin dizginlerini eline ald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Gizlilik ko\u015fullar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 ortak bir m\u00fccadele cephesi olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm kitle partilerine, \u00f6zellikle de MNR\u2019ye bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u2026 Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda POR, kitleleri harekete ge\u00e7irerek h\u00fck\u00fcmeti t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcyle savunmaktad\u0131r. (Guillermo Lora, \u201cR\u00f6portaj\u201d, La V\u00e9rit\u00e9 n\u00b0 294, 17 Nisan 1952)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>Bonaparte, bir yandan harekete ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7i kitlelerinin bask\u0131s\u0131, di\u011fer yandan ise Amerikan emperyalizminin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri ile yabanc\u0131 sermayeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kesimlerden olu\u015fan yerel burjuvazinin bir kesiminin talepleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kesim, MNR\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fman partiler olan Falange Socialista Boliviana (Falange, FSB) ve ordu genelkurmay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kendini ifade etmektedir. ABD b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi ve istihbarat servisleri bu kesimle s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flar kurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>MNR h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise i\u015f\u00e7i milislerini silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r ve burjuva ordusunu yeniden d\u00fczenler (bu ordudan, di\u011ferlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, i\u015f\u00e7ilere katliam yapan generaller Barrientos ve Banzer de \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r). \u201cMNR-COB ortak y\u00f6netimi\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sendikac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 burjuva devletine entegre etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Temmuz 1952\u2019de genel oy hakk\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koyar.Il nationalise contre indemnit\u00e9s en octobre 1952 trois entreprises mini\u00e8res. <\/p>\n<p>Bu varl\u0131klar, Corporaci\u00f3n Minera Boliviana (Comibol) adl\u0131 bir kamu kurulu\u015fu b\u00fcnyesinde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi d\u00f6k\u00fcmhaneleri bulunmayan bu kurulu\u015f, kalay\u0131, Pati\u00f1o grubuna ait Liverpool merkezli Williams Harvey Smelter \u015firketine ait d\u00f6k\u00fcmhaneye ve ABD devleti taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen Texas City d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanesine teslim etmek zorundad\u0131r. Comibol\u2019daki y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelikleri c\u00f6mert\u00e7e (ve genellikle dolar olarak) \u00fccretlendirilmektedir. Bu g\u00f6revlerin tahsisi, FSTMB ve COB sendika ayg\u0131t\u0131nda yolsuzlu\u011fun ba\u015fl\u0131ca ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>A\u011fustos 1953\u2019te Paz Estenssoro, k\u0131rsal kesimde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck m\u00fclk sahiplerinden olu\u015fan bir s\u0131n\u0131f olu\u015fturmak ve b\u00f6ylece i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 izole etmek amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir toprak reformu karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kesim, 1971\u2019de General Banzer\u2019e ve 2005\u2019te MAS\u2019a i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hizmet edecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetine, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin anti-kom\u00fcnist oldu\u011funu ve \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sol\u201d \u00fczerinde kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc temin eder.<\/p>\n<p>Kitleler, MNR ile POR\u2019u birbirinden ay\u0131rt edemiyor. POR, Lechin\u2019i destekliyor ve orduyu g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ve Tro\u00e7kizmi d\u00fczenli olarak k\u0131nayan burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmette, onun gibi daha fazla \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i\u201d bakan\u0131n yer almas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor. POR, pop\u00fclist h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu \u015fekilde bir i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmetine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fi izlenimini yarat\u0131yor. Arjantin\u2019de Moreno (s\u0131ras\u0131yla anti-Peronist Tro\u00e7kist, Maoist, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i\u201d Peronist, anti-Che Guevarac\u0131 Castrist, sosyal demokrat, anti-Mand\u00e9list \u201cTro\u00e7kist\u201d, anti-Lambertist \u201cTro\u00e7kist\u201d ve nihayetinde Morenist\u2026) bu slogan\u0131, COB\u2019un y\u00f6netimi (MNR) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesini talep edecek kadar ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Nahuel Moreno, POR\u2019un MNR\u2019nin sol kanad\u0131na uyum sa\u011flama politikas\u0131n\u0131n aksine, her zaman \u201ct\u00fcm iktidar COB\u2019a\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Ancak Moreno\u2019nun slogan\u0131, 3. kongrenin halk cephesi kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u201csol MNR h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201d tutumunun sadece bir varyant\u0131yd\u0131. May\u0131s ay\u0131nda, Moreno\u2019nun gazetesi \u201cFSTB ve COB taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilen ve denetlenen i\u015f\u00e7i bakanlar\u0131n Paz Estenssoro h\u00fck\u00fcmetine dahil edilmesi\u201d talebini ortaya koydu. (Jos\u00e9 Villa, La Revolucion de 1952, Poder Obrero, sonbahar 1992)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>1953\u2019te, 4. Enternasyonal ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc (Stalinist SIQI ve \u201cortodoks\u201d CIQI); ancak hi\u00e7bir fraksiyon ulusal burjuvazi ile birle\u015fik cepheyi (FUAI) sorgulamad\u0131. Arjantin\u2019de, Nahuel Moreno\u2019nun GOR\u2019u (1951 kongresinde t\u00fcm oport\u00fcnist kararlar\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131), Albay Per\u00f3n\u2019un burjuva milliyet\u00e7i hareketine (PJ) kat\u0131larak anti-emperyalist birle\u015fik cephesi uygulad\u0131. 1954\u2019te Lora ve Gonzalez, Paris\u2019te d\u00fczenlenen SIQI\u2019nin \u201c4. D\u00fcnya Kongresi\u201dne kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ancak POR da k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>M\u00f6ller ve Lora\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi tasfiyeci bir fraksiyon; bu fraksiyonun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00f6ller ile birlikte MNR\u2019ye kat\u0131ld\u0131; Lora onlar\u0131 takip etmedi ve tamamen kendi kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda olan bir POR-Masas kurdu; bu \u00f6rg\u00fct, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde \u00f6nce CIQI\u2019ye, ard\u0131ndan 1971\u2019den sonra Arjantin PO\u2019su ile birlikte Lambertist CORQI\u2019ye kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131; daha sonra kendi uluslararas\u0131 birle\u015fimini kurdu (CERCI, Latin Amerika\u2019da birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruba indirgenmi\u015ftir). Lora 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etti.<\/li>\n<li>Gonzales\u2019in liderli\u011findeki bir grup, \u00f6nce SIQI\u2019ye, ard\u0131ndan da Castro yanl\u0131s\u0131 SUQI\u2019ye sad\u0131k kal\u0131rken, POR-Combate, SUQI gibi k\u0131rsal gerilla stratejisini benimsedi; bu da \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011funun do\u011frudan Castro yanl\u0131s\u0131 ELN\u2019ye kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131; Gonzales, Morales\u2019e kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda POR-Combate tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131. Gonzales 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda vefat etti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>1960-1970 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki iki POR\u2019dan hi\u00e7biri FUAI ile ve ulusal burjuvaziye dair su\u00e7 niteli\u011findeki yan\u0131lsamalardan kopmaz.<\/p>\n<h3>1971\u2019de POR-Masas, askeri cunta konusunda Stalincilerle ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgiye gelir.<\/h3>\n<p>1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda Paz Estenssoro, \u00fclkeyi yabanc\u0131 kapitalistlere a\u00e7an bir \u201cekonomik politika plan\u0131\u201dn\u0131 kabul etti. O d\u00f6nemin anayasas\u0131 nedeniyle, Haziran 1956\u2019daki cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerine aday olamad\u0131. Yerine eski cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Siles Zuazo ge\u00e7ti (oylar\u0131n %84\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131). Enflasyon ve resesyonla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan Siles h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, IMF ile m\u00fczakere ederek maa\u015flar\u0131 donduran ve temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddelerine verilen s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131 kald\u0131ran bir kemer s\u0131kma plan\u0131 (Para \u0130stikrar Plan\u0131) uygulad\u0131. MNR, 1952\u2019de PIR, PCB ve POR\u2019un yard\u0131m\u0131yla kand\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk kitlelerinin deste\u011fini kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1960\u2019ta Paz Estenssoro cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Lechin (MNR) ise %76 oy oran\u0131yla cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. 1964\u2019te Paz, Lechin\u2019i partiden ihra\u00e7 etti; Lechin ise yeni bir burjuva milliyet\u00e7i parti olan PRIN\u2019i kurdu. Paz, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak General Ren\u00e9 Barrientos ile birlikte yeniden se\u00e7ildi. MNR h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Lechin ve COB y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck grevi \u015fiddetle bast\u0131rd\u0131. Generaller Barrientos, Ovando ve Banzer, CIA\u2019n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 devirdi. Lechin, askeri darbeyi onaylad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Cunta, yerli \u015fefleri r\u00fc\u015fvetle sat\u0131n alarak \u201caskerler ve k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma\u201d ilan eder. \u0130lk kalay fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 kurar (o zamana kadar cevher yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda eritiliyordu). Eski MNR \u00fcyesi Barrientos (Quechua dili konu\u015fan), 1966\u2019da PIR ve PRA\u2019n\u0131n (MNR\u2019den ayr\u0131lan bir grup) deste\u011fiyle oylar\u0131n %66\u2019s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 alarak se\u00e7ildi. Barrientos, Lechin\u2019i s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderdi, Haziran 1967\u2019de i\u015f\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 kanl\u0131 bir bask\u0131 uygulad\u0131 (San Juan katliam\u0131) ve PCB ile POR\u2019dan \u00e7ok say\u0131da militan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. ABD\u2019deki Johnson h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin (Demokrat Parti) yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Ordu Komutan\u0131 Ovando, Ekim ay\u0131nda Che Guevara\u2019y\u0131 yakalay\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc; Guevara\u2019n\u0131n gerilla hareketi (POR-Combate taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen ELN), k\u00f6yl\u00fcler aras\u0131nda destek bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Barrientos, Nisan 1969\u2019da bir kazada hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda General Ovando, me\u015fru h\u00fck\u00fcmeti devirdi ve i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131y\u0131 ask\u0131ya ald\u0131. ABD\u2019li petrol \u015firketi Gulf Oil\u2019in (bug\u00fcn Chevron) tazminat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Bunun \u00fczerine COB\u2019un PRIN y\u00f6netimi yeralt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve \u201csubaylar\u0131, rahipleri, serbest meslek sahiplerini, k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri\u201d bir \u201canti-emperyalist birle\u015fik cephe\u201d kurmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Ocak 1970\u2019te Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Juan Jos\u00e9 Torres, yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir burjuvazi veya proletarya bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclkeyi emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 savunma g\u00f6revinin orduya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Sendikalarda POR-Masas, Stalinci PCB partisiyle bir blok olu\u015fturuyor. Nisan 1970\u2019te, COB\u2019un 4. kongresi, PCB ve POR-Masas\u2019\u0131n ortak deste\u011fiyle, birka\u00e7 radikal ifadeyle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f, k\u00fcresel Stalinizmin \u201ca\u015famal\u0131 devrimi\u201dni benimsedi. \u0130kinci a\u015fama olan sosyalist devrim gelece\u011fe ertelenirken, g\u00fcncel durum, bir \u201canti-emperyalist halk cephesi\u201d arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u201canti-emperyalist halk devrimi\u201d a\u015famas\u0131na atfedildi (COB, <em>Siyasi Tezler<\/em>, Nisan 1970). <\/p>\n<p>POR-Combate ise bu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 k\u0131nayarak madencileri 1952\u2019deki gibi silahlanmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7eli\u015fkili bir \u015fekilde, i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve \u00f6\u011frencileri kendi \u00e7evrelerinden ayr\u0131l\u0131p k\u0131rsalda gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Eyl\u00fcl 1970\u2019te ordu, ELN\u2019nin ikinci gerilla giri\u015fimini ezip ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p>Ekim 1970\u2019te, Falange (FSB) taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen General Miranda, Ovando\u2019yu devirdi. COB, darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 genel grev ba\u015flatt\u0131. PCB, PCB (ML), PS ve Lora\u2019n\u0131n POR-Masas\u2019\u0131, PRIN ve MNR\u2019nin bir fraksiyonuyla birlikte \u201canti-emperyalist halk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundular ve aralar\u0131nda bir halk cephesi, Comando Politico (Siyasi Komuta) olu\u015fturdular. General Torres, Miranda\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6revden ald\u0131. \u201cSilahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin birli\u011fini\u201d (sic) korudu\u011fu i\u00e7in memnuniyetini dile getirdi. Gerilla operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten General Reque\u2019yi Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak atad\u0131 ve askeri akademinin ba\u015f\u0131na, Amerikan ordusu taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitilmi\u015f olan Banzer\u2019i b\u0131rakt\u0131. CP halk cephesi cuntay\u0131 destekler. POR-Combate, burjuva ordusuna y\u00f6nelik yan\u0131lsamalar\u0131 k\u0131nar\u2026 ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 gerillay\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrer. Ocak 1971\u2019de General Banzer, Torres\u2019i devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Madenciler silahlan\u0131r. Banzer serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve Torres, kendilerine kat\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve \u00f6\u011frencilere silah vermeyi reddeder. Onlara orduya g\u00fcvenmelerini emreder.<\/p>\n<p>COB\u2019un burjuva milliyet\u00e7i PRIN y\u00f6netimi, \u00fcyeleri se\u00e7ilmeyen, kendi se\u00e7ti\u011fi ayg\u0131tlar taraf\u0131ndan atanan bir \u201cAsamblea Popular\u201d (Halk Meclisi) toplar. Bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc-i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc (BIC) bu meclise dahil edilir. Lora\u2019ya g\u00f6re, bir i\u015f\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapmak \u201cdelilik\u201d olurdu.<\/p>\n<p>Oysa POR-Masas, Halk Meclisi\u2019ni \u201cSovyet \u00f6zelliklerine sahip bir anti-emperyalist cephe\u201d (yani Rus Devrimi\u2019ndeki i\u015f\u00e7i, asker ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc konseyleriyle \u00f6zde\u015f) ve \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmetin faaliyetlerini denetleyen\u201d \u201ckitlelerin ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n iktidar organ\u0131\u201d olarak \u00e7arp\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Oysa Halk Meclisi bir sovyet organ\u0131 olsayd\u0131, m\u00fccadele eden kitleler taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilirdi. E\u011fer bir \u201ckitlelerin iktidar organ\u0131\u201d olsayd\u0131, burjuva h\u00fck\u00fcmetini \u201cdenetlemek\u201d yerine onu devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131 gerekirdi. POR-Masas, Halk Meclisi\u2019nde POR-Combate\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r; oysa bir sovyet, bir i\u015f\u00e7i parlamentosudur, m\u00fccadele eden kitleler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nan farkl\u0131 partilerin demokratik bir \u015fekilde y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fi bir yerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda, reformist liderlerin ve burjuva demokratlar\u0131n acizli\u011fi ve aptall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Halk Meclisi, silahs\u0131z ve \u00f6z-\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme organlar\u0131ndan yoksun kalan kitlelerin dikkatini da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Halk Meclisi, cuntan\u0131n izniyle 21 Haziran 1971\u2019de ve ard\u0131ndan 2 Temmuz\u2019da parlamento binas\u0131nda Lechin\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda topland\u0131; ancak hi\u00e7bir zaman harekete ge\u00e7medi ya da se\u00e7ilmedi. Mecliste esas olarak, Comibol\u2019da y\u00fcksek maa\u015fl\u0131 pozisyonlarda sendika b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131; bu, POR-Masas\u2019\u0131n da payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir reformist yan\u0131lsamayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Askeri ayaklanma, Halk Meclisi\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine kar\u015f\u0131\u2026 Comibol\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011funlukta yer almas\u0131n\u0131n devlet i\u00e7in olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131\u2026 verilen m\u00fccadele olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 (Guillermo Lora, Bolivia: de la asamblea popular al golpe del 21 de agosto de 1971, avril 1972, OMR, p. 60)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>Halk Meclisi\u2019nin son karar\u0131, 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e kadar iki ay s\u00fcreyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini ask\u0131ya almakt\u0131r. General Banzer ise beklemiyor. A\u011fustos 1971\u2019de, Nixon (Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti) y\u00f6netimindeki ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, FSB ve MNR\u2019nin (hala 1952\u2019deki eski cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Paz Estenssoro taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen) deste\u011fiyle ordunun bir kesimi h\u00fck\u00fcmete ve \u00f6zellikle de i\u015f\u00e7i kalelerine sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7iyor. Lechin, kitlelere darbenin yay\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ordunun Torres\u2019e sad\u0131k kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia eder. Madenciler ve \u00f6\u011frenciler silah talep ederler ancak Torres bunu reddeder. \u0130ki POR\u2019un militanlar\u0131 cesurca kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 y\u00f6netirler ancak bu yeterli olmaz. POR-Masas, son ana kadar umutlar\u0131n\u0131 burjuva ordusundan bir generalde, bir Bonapart\u2019ta ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Ekim 1970\u2019te herkes \u2013biz Marksistler de dahil olmak \u00fczere\u2013 silahlar\u0131n iktidardaki askeri ekip taraf\u0131ndan verilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. (Guillermo Lora, \u201cA\u011fustos 1971\u2019deki Kar\u015f\u0131 Devrim\u201d, La Correspondance internationale, Mart 1972, s. 5)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>Burjuva ordusunun generallerine g\u00fcvenen liderler Marksist de\u011fildir. Lora ve Gonzales, 1952 ve 1971 olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hatalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek yerine, POR-Masas ve POR-Combate\u2019yi ELN, PCB, PS ve burjuvazinin temsilcileri (General Torres, PRIN ve MIR) ile birlikte yeni bir halk cephesi olan Anti-Emperyalist Devrimci Cephe\u2019ye (FRA) s\u00fcr\u00fcklediler. 1978\u2019de Maoist PCB-ML, PRIN ve POR-Combate ile birlikte FRI\u2019yi kurdu. FRI, MNR ile ittifak kuran burjuva bir partiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Bolivya\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131devrimci ter\u00f6r 1982 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. T\u00fcm alt k\u0131tada, Bolivya, \u015eili, Arjantin, Brezilya, Paraguay ve Uruguay\u2019\u0131n gizli servisleri, ABD\u2019nin CIA\u2019siyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak militan i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc (\u201cCondor Operasyonu\u201d).<\/p>\n<h3>2005-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda MAS, ulusal burjuvazinin g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve aldat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha ortaya koydu.<\/h3>\n<p>Banzer\u2019in yerine ge\u00e7en Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Quiroga, yeni ke\u015ffedilen gaz yataklar\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019li kapitalist gruplara teslim eder. Bu durum, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda, k\u00f6yl\u00fc kesiminde k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f yeni bir burjuva milliyet\u00e7i parti olan Movimiento al Socialismo\u2019nun (Sosyalizme Do\u011fru Hareket, MAS) kontrol\u00fcndeki halk hareketlerine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n<p>Latin Amerika, 2003\u2019ten 2012\u2019ye kadar \u00c7in talebinin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcyle bir ekonomik geli\u015fme ya\u015fad\u0131. Bu durum, bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flayan Arjantin\u2019deki PJ (Albay Per\u00f3n\u2019un PT-PJ partisinin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131) ve Venezuela\u2019daki PSUV (Albay Ch\u00e1vez taraf\u0131ndan kurulan) partilerinin yarar\u0131na oldu. Bolivya\u2019da 2005 genel se\u00e7imlerinde Evo Morales (MAS), Quiroga\u2019y\u0131 ma\u011flup etti. Morales, \u00fclkenin ilk yerli k\u00f6kenli cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Do\u011falgaz gelirleri, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete fiilen dokunmadan gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlemeye olanak sa\u011flad\u0131. Brezilya, Arjantin, Hindistan ve \u00c7in\u2019e yap\u0131lan ihracattan elde edilen gelirler kamu maliyesini zenginle\u015ftirirken, ticaretin ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin geli\u015fmesi \u015fehirlerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirir. <\/p>\n<p>Morales, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir anayasa tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan ve bu tasla\u011f\u0131 2009\u2019da referanduma sunan bir anayasa meclisi toplad\u0131. Morales, geleneksel koka k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yasalla\u015ft\u0131rarak, Amerikan yerlilerinin dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ve kabile reislerine tavizler vererek, sendikalardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7evresel k\u0131s\u0131tlamalardan muaf \u201ckooperatifler\u201d olarak sunulan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck madencilik i\u015fletmelerine izin vererek, burjuva devletin toplumsal taban\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. 2008\u2019de Morales, lityum rezervlerinin (d\u00fcnya rezervlerinin %20\u2019si) ulusal d\u00fczeyde i\u015fletilece\u011fini vaat etti. Ancak kamu \u015firketi Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos (YLB) ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n<p>2009\u2019daki k\u00fcresel kriz s\u0131ras\u0131nda, hammadde fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ve k\u00fcresel kapitalist talebin azalmas\u0131, bunun sonucunda vergi gelirlerinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ve d\u00f6viz k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Latin Amerika\u2019daki burjuva milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini zay\u0131flatt\u0131. May\u0131s 2013\u2019te Morales ve Garc\u00eda Linera h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, COB\u2019un \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla greve giden i\u015f\u00e7ilere bask\u0131 uygulad\u0131. MAS, kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve mahalle derneklerine dayanarak \u201cdemokrasiyi savunmak\u201d amac\u0131yla bir kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n<p>2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Morales, ilk turda yine %61 oy alarak cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yeniden se\u00e7ildi. 2016\u2019da anayasa reformu referandumunu az farkla kaybetti. Ama\u00e7, onun cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerine yeniden aday olabilmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131. LOR oy kullanmamaya, POR ise \u201chay\u0131r\u201d oyu vermeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131; bu da onlar\u0131 fiilen Amerikan yanl\u0131s\u0131 burjuva partilerle (MDS, PDC, Unidad, MNR vb.) ayn\u0131 safta yer almas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n<p>2019\u2019da ilk turda yaln\u0131zca %47 oy ald\u0131. COB y\u00f6netiminin deste\u011fiyle bir darbeyle g\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131. Jeanine \u00c1\u00f1ez h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bask\u0131 uygulad\u0131. MAS b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>2020\u2019de MAS\u2019\u0131n aday\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilen Ba\u015fkan Arce, 2024\u2019te iki lityum karbonat fabrikas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00c7inli Hong Kong CBC grubuyla ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir fabrika i\u00e7in Rosatom\u2019un i\u015ftiraki olan Rus Uranium One Group ile \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler imzalad\u0131. 2025 genel se\u00e7imleri, \u00c7in emperyalizmine do\u011fru yap\u0131lan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe son vererek Bolivya\u2019y\u0131 yeniden ABD\u2019nin etki alan\u0131na soktu.<\/p>\n<h3>Burjuva milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin pe\u015finde morenizm<\/h3>\n<p>Morenist MST (eski ad\u0131yla PST; \u00f6nce LITC\u2019e, bug\u00fcn ise LIS\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131) Tro\u00e7ki\u2019nin bunu yapmamalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uyar\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen MAS\u2019a kat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn APRA, Kuomintang veya PRM\u2019ye kat\u0131lmamas\u0131\u2026 (Le\u00f3n Trotsky, \u201cDiscusion sobre Latina America\u201d, 4 Kas\u0131m 1938, <em>Escritos latinoamericanos<\/em>, CEIP, p.125)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>MST\u2019nin ba\u015f lideri Pablo Sol\u00f3n Romero \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi: Morales taraf\u0131ndan BM b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olarak atand\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Mor\u00e9nistlerin rakip grubu LOR (uluslararas\u0131 FTQI\/FTCI, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde CRPQI\/CRPICI koalisyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131), burjuva milliyet\u00e7i partiyi \u201creformist\u201d bir parti olarak sunuyor. LOR, 1971 Halk Meclisi\u2019ni yeniden canland\u0131rmak istiyor.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Ekim\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fck hareketle kazan\u0131lan kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 korumak gerekiyordu; bunun i\u00e7in COB\u2019dan, FSTMB ile birlikte bir Halk Meclisi\u2019nin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmek gerekiyordu. (\u201cLa cuesti\u00f3n de la Asamblea Constituyente revolucionaria\u201d, <em>Lucha Obrera, <\/em>30 Ocak 2003)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ceip.org.ar\/La-cuestion-de-la-Asamblea-Constituyente-revolucionaria\">https:\/\/ceip.org.ar\/La-cuestion-de-la-Asamblea-Constituyente-revolucionaria<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bu hareketin ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olan PTS, burjuva \u201cdemokrasisi\u201dnin i\u015fledi\u011fi bir devlet olan Arjantin\u2019de 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir anayasa meclisi kurulmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftu. Benzer \u015fekilde, LOR da Bolivya\u2019da bir anayasa meclisi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Gaz\u0131n kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, devrimci bir Anayasa Meclisi kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in. COB, CSUTCB, FEJUVE ve La Paz\u2019daki COR, FSTMB ve m\u00fccadele eden di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fctler, hemen bir Halk Meclisi toplas\u0131n! (<em>Palabra Obrera<\/em>, Haziran 2005)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lorci.org\/spip.php?article62\">https:\/\/lorci.org\/spip.php?article62<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Radikal bir tav\u0131r sergilemek i\u00e7in Morenistler sloganlar\u0131na \u201cdevrimci\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ekliyorlar; oysa 4. Enternasyonal\u2019in program\u0131, 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda (o d\u00f6nemde B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan) Hindistan ya da (o d\u00f6nemde par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan egemenlik alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan) \u00c7in i\u00e7in bu s\u0131fat\u0131 kullanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Merkezci grubun bu hilesi hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmez: Se\u00e7imlerin, genel oy hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ok partili sistemin oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde, ad\u0131 ne olursa olsun bir ulusal meclis ya da anayasa meclisi, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ilerici bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maz. Bu, modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir slogan, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Tunus, \u015eili ve Bolivya\u2019n\u0131n da kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, proletaryan\u0131n boynuna ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bir ilmek.<\/p>\n<p>Oysa LOR, burjuva devletinin bonapartist bir \u015fekilde yamalanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Ancak, hem kentte hem de k\u0131rsal kesimde pek \u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin MAS\u2019a g\u00fcvendi\u011fini biliyoruz. Bu nedenle, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve egemen bir Anayasa Meclisi talebi gibi emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n siyasi haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve me\u015fru demokratik \u00f6zlemlerini, bunlar\u0131 daha da k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya veya hi\u00e7e saymaya y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc giri\u015fime kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte savunmaya haz\u0131r\u0131z. (LOR-CI, <em>\u00a1Conspiradores contra el pueblo trabajador!<\/em>, 5 Ekim 2005)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/estrategiainternacional.org\/Conspiradores-contra-el-pueblo-trabajador?lang=es\">https:\/\/estrategiainternacional.org\/Conspiradores-contra-el-pueblo-trabajador?lang=es<\/a><\/p>\n<p>LOR\u2019un \u201cprogram\u0131\u201d, \u201cantikapitalizm\u201d ve \u201cm\u00fccadelelerin birle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d kisvesi alt\u0131nda gizlenmi\u015f bir reformizmdir; bu program, sendikal b\u00fcrokrasilere, burjuva milliyet\u00e7i liderliklere ve reformist partilere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi \u201cg\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder\u201d, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, ayaklanmay\u0131 ve proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cg\u00f6z ard\u0131 eder\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki kapitalist krizin besledi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal \u00e7alkant\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, anti-kapitalist m\u00fccadelenin bilin\u00e7li g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyerek haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z\u2026 ezilenlerin, halk\u0131n, \u00e7evrecilerin ve feministlerin t\u00fcm sosyal hareketlerini birli\u011fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak, t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerdeki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla birlikte bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sistemi ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ortak bir ama\u00e7 u\u011fruna birle\u015fmeliyiz. (<em>Palabra Obrera, <\/em>Haziran 2013)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>Lorist POR, LOR\u2019u \u015fovenist bir tav\u0131rla, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen bir hareketmi\u015f gibi su\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Lorist mezhep, sanki i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi, pop\u00fclist h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131, ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 burjuvazi kanad\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f polis hareketini desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">POL\u0130S: Bir ayl\u0131k s\u00fcreyi beklemeyin. Hemen ba\u015flay\u0131n! (<em>Masas<\/em> n\u00b0 2310, 17 May\u0131s 2013)<\/quote><\/p>\n<h3>2025 Genel Se\u00e7imlerindeki Aldatmaca<\/h3>\n<p>A\u011fustos 2025\u2019te, cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerinin ilk turunda, \u00fc\u00e7 ana emperyalist yanl\u0131s\u0131 burjuva partinin (PDC, Libre, Unidad) adaylar\u0131, ge\u00e7erli oylar\u0131n %78\u2019ini toplad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Jorge Quiroga\u2019ya (MNR\u2019nin de \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fu Alianza Libre blo\u011fundan) kar\u015f\u0131, PDC ve Paz, se\u00e7im kampanyalar\u0131nda burjuva adaylar\u0131n her zamanki demagojisini c\u00f6mert\u00e7e sergiledi. Paz, itibar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olan Morales ve MAS\u2019tan hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f se\u00e7men kitlesini kendine \u00e7ekti. Rakiplerine k\u0131yasla daha az yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir parti olan PDC, uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yolsuzlu\u011fa son verece\u011fini, sosyal kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cherkes i\u00e7in kapitalizm\u201d sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vaat etti. Ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 aday\u0131, polis yolsuzlu\u011funu if\u015fa etmesiyle pop\u00fcler hale gelen Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Edmand Lara\u2019yd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ekim 2025\u2019te ikili, ikinci turda se\u00e7ildi; \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer alan ba\u015fka bir burjuva parti olan Unidad\u2019\u0131n [Birlik] aday\u0131, Paz lehine \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ktidara geldikten sonra Paz, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hemen rahatlat\u0131r. \u201cBolivya d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in, d\u00fcnya Bolivya i\u00e7in\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015fverenler forumunda, maden \u00e7\u0131karma politikas\u0131n\u0131 (lityum ve gaz ihracat\u0131) s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fini ve devletin d\u00fczenlemeleri ve sosyal harcamalar\u0131 azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder. Parlamentoda mutlak \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in PDC-Unidad blo\u011funa dayan\u0131r. Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Lara buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Paz\u2019\u0131n izniyle, 2008-2009 y\u0131llar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildikleri Morales\u2019in memleketi Chapare b\u00f6lgesine ABD\u2019li DEA ve CIA geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. 17 Aral\u0131k 2025 tarihli 5503 say\u0131l\u0131 kararnameyle akaryak\u0131t s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, benzin fiyatlar\u0131nda %86, mazot fiyatlar\u0131nda ise %160 art\u0131\u015fa neden oldu. Madenciler, \u00f6\u011fretmenler, ula\u015f\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve K\u0131z\u0131lderililer g\u00f6sterilere, grevlere ve yol kesmelere kat\u0131l\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Ancak i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, 1952 ve 1971\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mez. Genel grev ba\u015flatmaz, ulusal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte sovyetler olu\u015fturmaz, neredeyse hi\u00e7 silahlanmaz.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u00fcrokratlar, kitlelerin kovmak istedi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmetle m\u00fczakere ediyor<\/h3>\n<p>COB y\u00f6netiminin 1 May\u0131s\u2019taki \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k meclis\u201d toplant\u0131s\u0131nda vaat etti\u011fi genel grev hi\u00e7bir zaman hayata ge\u00e7irilmedi. Ertesi g\u00fcn konfederasyon b\u00fcrokrasisi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan 16 maddelik metinde bu konudan art\u0131k bahsedilmiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Ne devrimci bir parti ne de (El Alto\u2019nun belirli mahalleleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalan) \u00f6z\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme taraf\u0131ndan engellenmeden, COB liderleri 4 May\u0131s\u2019ta sadece bir g\u00fcn s\u00fcrecek bir eylem g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapabildiler. Sendika b\u00fcrokrasileri (COB\u2026), k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctleri (CSUTCB\u2026) ve mahalle komitelerinin (FEJUVE) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, m\u00fccadele ruhunu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 g\u00f6sterilere, organize bir \u00f6zsavunma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lan yol kesmelere ve farkl\u0131 tarihlerde ilan edilen 24 saatlik grevlere da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131: 6 May\u0131s\u2019ta kamyon \u015fof\u00f6rleri ve devlet hastaneleri, 11 May\u0131s\u2019ta ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmenleri, 11 May\u0131s\u2019ta kamu i\u015fletmelerindeki madenciler, 14 May\u0131s\u2019ta \u00f6zel i\u015fletmelerdeki madenciler\u2026 Baz\u0131 grevler tekrarlan\u0131yor, ancak grevler da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k kal\u0131yor ve taban, talepleri kar\u015f\u0131lanana kadar genel grevi dayatmay\u0131 ba\u015faram\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Yol kesme eylemleri, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazinin tipik bir m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imidir. Serbest meslek sahipleri, hem i\u015fveren hem de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc (genellikle aileleriyle birlikte) olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in patronlara kar\u015f\u0131 toplu olarak i\u015fi durduramazlar. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00f6zellikle uzak b\u00f6lgelerdeki K\u0131z\u0131lderililer ve ba\u015fkentin yukar\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan devasa bir yoksul banliy\u00f6 olan El Alto sakinlerinin ma\u011fdur oldu\u011fu k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi lehine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck medyan\u0131n deste\u011fiyle, ayaklanmay\u0131 Morales ve uyu\u015fturucu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirerek itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmaya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bunda k\u0131smen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oluyor: Huanuni kalay madeninde ge\u00e7ici i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan madenciler, 18 May\u0131s\u2019ta COB\u2019dan barikatlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>10 May\u0131s\u2019ta COB, yerli haklar\u0131 hareketi Ponchos Rojos ve burjuva Unidad partisinden Senat\u00f6r Condori ile pop\u00fclist bir ittifak anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Anla\u015fmada elbette genel grevden s\u00f6z edilmiyor, ancak Paz ba\u015fkan oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece COB\u2019un hi\u00e7bir anla\u015fma imzalamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. B\u00fcrokrasinin bir kanad\u0131 (Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, Tarija gibi yerlerdeki y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131\u2026) bunun fazla bir talep oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>PDC-Unidad h\u00fck\u00fcmeti vakit kaybetmiyor.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>5 May\u0131s\u2019ta h\u00fck\u00fcmet, La Paz (burada toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r) ve Santa Cruz\u2019daki ula\u015f\u0131m i\u015fletmecileriyle bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>6 May\u0131s\u2019ta h\u00fck\u00fcmet, taksiler i\u00e7in akaryak\u0131t fiyat\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi kabul etti.<\/li>\n<li>6 May\u0131s\u2019ta, en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc CSUTCB\u2019nin ulusal y\u00f6netimi, 4 May\u0131s\u2019taki \u201cyerli y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, 1720 say\u0131l\u0131 yasan\u0131n metnini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi taahh\u00fct eden cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ile bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>14 May\u0131s\u2019ta, m\u00fccadele eden kitlelere kar\u015f\u0131 polisin gayretini garanti alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in polise ek avantajlar tan\u0131nd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, polis La Paz\u2019daki Murillo Meydan\u0131\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6sterisini da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. O andan itibaren, Paz h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 kitlesel direni\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrenler, yerli k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ve El Alto\u2019daki (ba\u015fkentin yukar\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan devasa bir halk banliy\u00f6s\u00fc) kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler oldu.<\/li>\n<li>15 May\u0131s\u2019ta, Ulusal Madencilik Kooperatifleri Federasyonu (Fencomin; vergiden muaf olan, sendikala\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklayan ve \u00e7evreyi kirleten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeleri bir araya getiren) y\u00f6netimi, Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 ile bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. Alt\u0131n madencili\u011fi kooperatiflerinin Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu\u2019na (CNS) olan 95 milyon boliviano (yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyon avro, 8 milyon dolar) tutar\u0131ndaki katk\u0131 pay\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131 silindi. Fencomin protestolara son verdi.<\/li>\n<li>16 May\u0131s\u2019ta, COB\u2019un El Alto y\u00f6netimi h\u00fck\u00fcmetle bir uzla\u015fma sa\u011flad\u0131 ve ulusal harekete kat\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>16 May\u0131s\u2019ta, COB\u2019un e\u011fitim federasyonu olan CTEUB y\u00f6netimi, E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131 ile y\u0131ll\u0131k 2.400 boliviano (208 dolar, 180 avro) tutar\u0131nda bir ikramiye i\u00e7in anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>12 Haziran\u2019da, COB\u2019un imalat sanayi sendikalar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiren CGTFB y\u00f6netimi, Paz ile bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>17 Haziran\u2019da, COB\u2019un en b\u00fcy\u00fck sendikas\u0131 olan Huanuni Devlet Kalay Madeni Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n liderleri, 5.000 boliviano (434 dolar, 370 avro) tutar\u0131nda ikramiye i\u00e7in bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu i\u015fletmeyi \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyece\u011fine s\u00f6z verdi ve madencilerin temsilcisi bunu \u015f\u00f6yle gerek\u00e7elendirdi:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">\u015eimdi her zamankinden daha fazla, \u00fclkenin bar\u0131\u015fa kavu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki koordinasyonu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeli ve halk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu tedarik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamal\u0131y\u0131z. (Omar Choque, 18 Haziran)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/eju.tv\/2026\/06\/presidente-paz-y-mineros-de-huanuni-acuerdan-fortalecer-la-mineria-estatal-y-la-generacion-de-empleo\/\">https:\/\/eju.tv\/2026\/06\/presidente-paz-y-mineros-de-huanuni-acuerdan-fortalecer-la-mineria-estatal-y-la-generacion-de-empleo\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u202218 Haziran\u2019da, Colquiri madenciler sendikas\u0131 \u00fcyeleri de benzer bir anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>\u202219 Haziran\u2019da, COB\u2019un ulusal y\u00f6netimi cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ile anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>19 Haziran\u2019da, y\u00fcz kadar yol barikat\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayaktayd\u0131. 20 Haziran\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmet aceleyle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal ilan etti. 23 Haziran\u2019da ordu ve polis son barikatlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. 5 Temmuz\u2019da, Tupac Katari k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn lideri Vicente Salazar tutukland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Paz\u2019\u0131n karga\u015fay\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131yla su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Morales (MAS), hi\u00e7bir zaman yol kesmelerini istemedi\u011fini belirtiyor ve 90 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yeni se\u00e7imler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcrokrasi, hak etti\u011fi \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc alam\u0131yor. 13 Temmuz\u2019da, 5654 say\u0131l\u0131 y\u00fcce kararname, sendika ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 finanse etmek amac\u0131yla 1965 tarihli 07204 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararname ile getirilen maa\u015ftan sendika aidatlar\u0131n\u0131n otomatik kesilmesini kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>29 Temmuz\u2019da, IMF Bolivya\u2019ya 1,9 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir kredi verdi.<\/p>\n<p>53 g\u00fcn boyunca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, emek\u00e7iler ve yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, devrimci bir partiye sahip olmadan burjuva devlete kar\u015f\u0131 direndiler. Bu kritik d\u00f6nemde Lenin ve Tro\u00e7ki\u2019yi savunan \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin faaliyetleri neydi?<\/p>\n<h3>Merkezciler, sendikal b\u00fcrokrasiler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda teslim oldular<\/h3>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok kez, bir \u00f6nc\u00fc grup, Bolivyal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 burjuva milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finden kurtarmak i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yerel ve uluslararas\u0131 deneyimlerinden yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131: 1946\u2019da madencilerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir POR grubu, 1954\u2019te POR\u2019un Leninist Fraksiyonu, 1970\u2019te LSR, 1985\u2019te Poder Obrero. Bu \u00e7ekirdek gruplar, \u015fiddetli bask\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle de uluslararas\u0131 kom\u00fcnist merkezlerin ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 olarak yozla\u015ft\u0131lar ya da ortadan kayboldular.<\/p>\n<p>Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinde hi\u00e7bir \u00f6rg\u00fct, 1951\u2019de D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal y\u00f6netiminin program revizyonundan ve 1952\u2019de POR\u2019un ulusal burjuvaziden ayr\u0131\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ders \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir \u00f6rg\u00fct, POR\u2019dan do\u011fan \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin, COB\u2019un \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ayg\u0131t\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda teslim olup bir halk cephesine kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131rada ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yozla\u015fmadan ders \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, Arjantinli Morenist ak\u0131m\u0131n yar\u0131-reformist e\u011filiminin artan etkisi, 1952\u2019de POR\u2019un politikas\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 korunan devrimci y\u00f6n\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131: kitlelerin \u00f6zsavunmas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc milisleri, i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc ayaklanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u2014Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi-Masas (Lorist POR), Arjantin PTS\u2019sine ba\u011fl\u0131 4. Enternasyonal i\u00e7in Devrimci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Birli\u011fi (Mor\u00e9nist LOR) ve Arjantin MST\u2019sine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve Emek\u00e7i Sosyalist Hareketi (Mor\u00e9nist MST)\u2014eski 4. Enternasyonal\u2019e (1933-1951) at\u0131fta bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bunlar<\/p>\n<p>Haziran 2026\u2019da, LOR\u2019a y\u00f6n veren PTS kapsam\u0131nda, COB y\u00f6netimi s\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00f6nm\u00fcyor, zaman kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">COB y\u00f6netimi, \u015fu anda genel grevi hayata ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir ad\u0131m atmadan, bir t\u00fcr y\u0131pratma takti\u011fi izliyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. (Josefina Mart\u00ednez ve Mat\u00edas Maiello,<em> La Izquierda Diario, <\/em>9 Haziran 2026)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.laizquierdadiario.com\/Rebelion-en-Bolivia-soluciones-de-fuerza-y-tendencias-a-las-crisis-organicas-en-America-Latina\">https:\/\/www.laizquierdadiario.com\/Rebelion-en-Bolivia-soluciones-de-fuerza-y-tendencias-a-las-crisis-organicas-en-America-Latina<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ancak \u201ceylem g\u00fcnleri\u201d ilan etmek ve Paz h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle m\u00fczakere etmek, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u201cy\u0131pratma stratejisi\u201dyle hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yoktur. Bunlar, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadele ruhunu k\u0131rmak, genel grevi sabote etmek ve ulusal kapitalizmin fel\u00e7 olma riskini, sosyal devrim riskini ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda iyi bilinen manevralard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6yle hocalar varken, LOR\u2019un sendika y\u00f6netimine g\u00fcvenmesi hi\u00e7 de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">COB y\u00f6netimi, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta ilan edilen genel grevi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymak i\u00e7in neyi bekliyor? (LOR, 12 Haziran)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.laizquierdadiario.com.bo\/Argollo-se-lava-las-manos-busca-despegarse-de-la-movilizacion-y-deja-su-continuidad-en-las-bases\">https:\/\/www.laizquierdadiario.com.bo\/Argollo-se-lava-las-manos-busca-despegarse-de-la-movilizacion-y-deja-su-continuidad-en-las-bases<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lorist POR, 1970-1971 y\u0131llar\u0131nda COB\u2019da Stalinistlerle kurdu\u011fu ittifak\u0131, 1971 Halk Meclisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda burjuva ordusunun bir kesimiyle kurdu\u011fu ittifak\u0131 (Masas No. 2886, 17 Haziran, s. 4) ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde Stalinistler, PRIN ve General Torres ile kurdu\u011fu Halk Cephesi\u2019ni (FRA) h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Partinin \u00e7izgisi her zaman \u201canti-emperyalist devrimci cephe\u201d ve \u201c\u00fclkeyi emperyalizmden kurtarmak i\u00e7in ezilen ulusun birle\u015fik cephesi\u201d (Masas No. 2885, 10 Haziran, s. 8) olmu\u015ftur; bu \u00e7izgi, milliyet\u00e7i partilerin ve pop\u00fclist generallerin bir sonraki ihanetini haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>POR, zaman zaman COB y\u00f6netimine \u201cradikal\u201d bir destek sa\u011flar. E\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki sendikal yap\u0131ya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde entegre olan parti, h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 genel greve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan 11 May\u0131s eylem g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc destekler.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">La Paz\u2019daki \u00f6\u011fretmenler sendikas\u0131 Urbano\u2019nun lideri Jos\u00e9 Luis \u00c1lvarez, 11 May\u0131s Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fclke genelinde 24 saatlik grevin h\u00e2l\u00e2 ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/unitel.bo\/noticias\/sociedad\/maestros-acataran-paro-tras-convocatoria-al-dialogo-esto-responden-los-dirigentes-MO20597308\">https:\/\/unitel.bo\/noticias\/sociedad\/maestros-acataran-paro-tras-convocatoria-al-dialogo-esto-responden-los-dirigentes-MO20597308<\/a><\/p>\n<p>19 Haziran\u2019da COB y\u00f6netiminin ihanetinin arifesinde, POR, 1952 ve 1971\u2019de ihanet etmi\u015f olan b\u00fcrokrasi konusunda h\u00e2l\u00e2 kendini kand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Hatta Cachamaba yerel y\u00f6netimine \u201cCOB\u2019un tutumundan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in ele\u015ftiri y\u00f6neltirken, bu b\u00fcrokrasiyi \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6steriyor (Masas No. 2886, 17 Haziran, s. 8).<\/p>\n<p>LIS\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 MST ise daha da oport\u00fcnisttir. B\u00fcrokratla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve hain konfederasyonun bir sovyet, yani ikili iktidar\u0131n bir organ\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etmekle sa\u00e7mal\u0131yor; bu hem COB\u2019u savunmak hem de 1871 Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019ne, 1905 ve 1917 Rus sovyetlerine, 1918 Alman i\u015f\u00e7i ve asker konseylerine vb. hakaret etmektir.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">COB, art\u0131k sadece bir sendika olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p ikili iktidar\u0131n bir organ\u0131 haline geldi\u2026 Mevcut y\u00f6netimlerin g\u00f6revi, ikili iktidar\u0131 zafere ula\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. (MST, 20 May\u0131s 2026)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mstbolivia.org\/bolivia-todo-el-poder-a-la-cob-y-organizaciones-campesinas-y-populares-en-lucha.html\">https:\/\/www.mstbolivia.org\/bolivia-todo-el-poder-a-la-cob-y-organizaciones-campesinas-y-populares-en-lucha.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>POR\u2019daki Loristler\u2019in aksine, LOR ve MST\u2019deki Morenistler \u00f6zsavunma ve silahlanma meselesini g\u00f6rmezden geliyorlar.<\/p>\n<h3>Pulacayo tezlerini uygulamak ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri silahland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in birle\u015fik ve demokratik bir parti!<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00fccadele eden kitlelerin silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sovyetlerin kurulmas\u0131 (tabandan gelen halk komiteleri; se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve g\u00f6revden al\u0131nabilir delegeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal d\u00fczeyde koordine edilen ve merkezile\u015ftirilen), COB y\u00f6netimini a\u015fman\u0131n, Paz\u2019\u0131 devirmenin ve burjuvazinin ba\u015fka bir temsilcisinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet eden ge\u00e7ici bir yama de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurman\u0131n tek yoludur.<\/p>\n<p><quote class=\"citations\">Kapitalizm var oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketine y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddetli bask\u0131 her an ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek bir tehlikedir\u2026 Fa\u015fist \u00e7eteleri ve grev k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek i\u00e7in, gerekti\u011fi gibi silahlanm\u0131\u015f i\u015f\u00e7i barikatlar\u0131 kural\u0131m\u2026 As\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan, tabandaki i\u015f\u00e7ilere, di\u015flerine kadar silahlanm\u0131\u015f burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 kendilerini silahland\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretmektir. (Pulacayo Tezleri, Kas\u0131m 1946, Masas, 1980, s. 25)<\/quote><\/p>\n<p>Bolivyal\u0131 proletarya, i\u00e7 demokrasiden yoksun, birbirinden farks\u0131z f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 gruplar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131ndan daha iyisini hak ediyor. Kapitalizmi y\u0131kmak i\u00e7in, Kom\u00fcnist Enternasyonal\u2019in ve 4. Enternasyonal\u2019in programlar\u0131na dayanan, demokratik ve enternasyonalist tek bir Bol\u015fevik partiye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. \u0130hanetleri \u00f6nlemek ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcrokrasileri ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, COB ve ba\u011fl\u0131 sendikalar\u0131nda, mahalle komitelerinde, k\u00f6yl\u00fc-i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde, kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde, \u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde\u2026 tek bir s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi odakl\u0131 sendikal ak\u0131m gereklidir.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00f6ylelikle, 1946 Pulacayo tezleri zafer kazanacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u0131\u015far\u0131, ABD ordusu, CIA ve DEA! IMF ve yabanc\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sermayesine olan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n silinmesi!<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i, k\u00f6yl\u00fc, yerli ve \u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin kapitalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetle ve s\u00f6zde demokratik ya da anti-emperyalist t\u00fcm burjuvaziyle ili\u015fkilerini kesmesi!<\/li>\n<li>Sendikalarda, k\u00f6yl\u00fc, \u00f6\u011frenci, kad\u0131n ve Amerikan yerlileri \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde demokrasi! Ge\u00e7ici olarak ba\u015f\u0131nda hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmet olursa olsun, burjuva devletinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k! Tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00fccretlerinin, kendi sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortalama maa\u015f d\u00fczeyinde olmas\u0131!<\/li>\n<li>Fabrikalarda, madenlerde, ula\u015f\u0131mda, il\u00e7elerde, liselerde, \u00fcniversitelerde ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc topluluklar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k meclisler! Yerel sovyetlerde ve ulusal bir sovyet i\u00e7inde g\u00f6revden al\u0131nabilir delegelerin se\u00e7ilmesi!<\/li>\n<li>Ticaret, bankalar, ula\u015f\u0131m \u015firketleri, madenler ve t\u00fcm sanayinin i\u015f\u00e7i denetimi alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131! Tazminat veya geri al\u0131m olmaks\u0131z\u0131n latifundialar\u0131n ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131!<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketi taraf\u0131ndan, m\u00fccadele eden kitlelerle karde\u015flik kurmak i\u00e7in asker komiteleri \u00f6rg\u00fctlensin! Bask\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ls\u0131n! \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc milisleri! Silahl\u0131 ayaklanma!<\/li>\n<li>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcmeti! Latin Amerika Sosyalist Federasyonu!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><center>4 Eyl\u00fcl 2026<\/center><\/p>\n<p><center>S\u00fcrekli Devrim Kolektifi (Avusturya, \u0130spanya, Fransa, T\u00fcrkiye)<\/center>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>19 Haziran&#8217;da, 50 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren grevler, g\u00f6steriler, yol kesintileri ve resmi polis g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile fa\u015fist \u00e7etelerle ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Bolivya \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu (COB) Genel Sekreteri Argollo, Paz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti (PDC-Unidad&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/2026\/09\/04\/bolivya-cob-yonetimi-paz-hukumetini-kurtardi\/\">Daha fazlas\u0131 &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=586"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":590,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/586\/revisions\/590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}