{"id":191,"date":"2019-01-26T12:00:38","date_gmt":"2019-01-26T11:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/?p=191"},"modified":"2021-02-05T16:11:05","modified_gmt":"2021-02-05T15:11:05","slug":"emperyalistler-venezuelladan-pencenizi-cekin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.revolucionpermanente.com\/turk\/2019\/01\/26\/emperyalistler-venezuelladan-pencenizi-cekin\/","title":{"rendered":"Emperyalistler Venez\u00fcella\u2019dan Pen\u00e7enizi \u00c7ekin"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Emperyalist Bir Darbe<\/h3>\n

21 Ocak\u2019ta, ulusal muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Nicol\u00e2s Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe giri\u015fimi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu. Bu giri\u015fimin sonunda 27 asker tutukland\u0131. 22Ocak\u2019ta, burjuva muhalefet partilerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sokak protestolar\u0131 devam etti. Zaman\u0131n Venez\u00fcella diktat\u00f6r\u00fc Mancos Perez Jimenez\u2019in 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda devrildi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan 23 Ocakta kitle mitingleri son buldu. 23 Ocak 2019\u2019da Venez\u00fcella Ulusal Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Juan Guaido, kendisini \u00fclkenin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak ilan etti. Guaid\u00f4, ABD taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen ve finanse edilen, resmi olmayan Demokratik Ni\u015fan\u0131( NED) dahil olmak \u00fczere, burjuva bir hareket olan Voluntad Popular\u2019\u0131n bir \u00fcyesidir. Guaideo\u2019nun kendisini devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ilan etmesinden hemen sonra; Trump onu Venez\u00fcella\u2019n\u0131n yeni devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dektere etti. Trump; Guaido\u2019nun Venez\u00fcella halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f tek me\u015fru ba\u015fkan oldu\u011funu idda etti. Birka\u00e7 saat i\u00e7inde, Brezilya, Arjantin, Ekvador, \u015eili, Peru, Kanada h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri Trump ile ayn\u0131 pozisyonu tak\u0131nd\u0131. Guaido Avrupa\u2019l\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndanda destek ald\u0131. \u0130talyan i\u00e7 i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Emmanuel Salron ve Emmanuel Macron ve SPD Alman D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Heiko Maas, \u0130spanya Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Pedro Sachez\u2019in \u00f6nerisiyle bir hafta i\u00e7inde Venez\u00fcella\u2019da yeni bir se\u00e7im olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde AB \u00fclkelerinin Guaido\u2019yu tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan ettiler. ABD\u2019nin Latin America\u2019da darbeler gelene\u011fi k\u00f6kl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Buradada ABD emperyalizminin Venez\u00fcella\u2019daki askeri m\u00fcdahalesine yol a\u00e7abilecek titizlikte d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir organizasyon s\u00f6z konusudur. Ancak; Maduro rejiminin kendisi hi\u00e7bir emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir. Kan\u0131t olarak, \u00c7in ve Rusya emperyalizmi hemen ABD m\u00fcdahalesini k\u0131nad\u0131lar ve Chavezci rejimi savunduklar\u0131n\u0131, arkas\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. Herg\u00fcn \u00fcretilen 1.5 milyon varil petrolden 700.000\u2019ini \u00c7in\u2019li tekeller sat\u0131n almaktad\u0131r. Putin ve Xi d\u00fczenli olarak Venez\u00fcella\u2019n\u0131n borcunu yeniden g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Cahavezcili\u011fin Krizi<\/h3>\n

Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmetine ve PSUV\u2019sine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00f6steriler; Bolivarc\u0131l\u0131k, Chavezcilik ve hatta 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l Sosyalizmi\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda uygulanan burjuva milliyet\u00e7i politikalar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131; hem kitleselle\u015fti hemde burjuva klikler taraf\u0131ndan istismar edilebilme olana\u011f\u0131 yarat\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eubat 1989\u2019da Caracozo\u2019da yo\u011funla\u015fan ekonomik ve siyasi kriz neredeyse on y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yoksulla\u015fan kitlelerin kendili\u011finden geli\u015fen isyan\u0131 \u00fclkeyi sard\u0131. IMF politikalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan, o s\u0131rada Sosyalist Enternasyonal Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Carlos Andrez Penez taraf\u0131ndan yoksul kitlelerin isyan\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131zca bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.(3000 \u00f6l\u00fc) . Orta ve alt ordu hiyera\u015fisinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, burjuva devletti yeniden in\u015fa etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, eski egemenlik bi\u00e7imlerinide restore etmekteydi. Albay Hugo Chavez, bunu ba\u015farabilmek i\u00e7in kendisini ulusal burjuvazinin ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftiren, t\u00fcm sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kendi \u00f6nderli\u011fi alt\u0131nda toplay\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda hakem rol\u00fc g\u00f6ren Bonopartist bir karaktere b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc. Hugo Chavez, Venez\u00fcella\u2019da emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 koymay\u0131 hedefledi\u011fini, emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 defalarca kez dile getirdi. Fakat 1999 anayasas\u0131nda bile \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ve kapitalist \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti sorgulamad\u0131. D\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6demeleri hi\u00e7bir zaman rededilmedi, s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde geri \u00f6dendi. Petrol kiras\u0131 \u00f6zellikle ulusal \u015firketleri y\u00f6neten; Albay Chavez\u2019e yak\u0131n olan ordu ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 burjuvazinin bir kesmi taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nd\u0131. Bununla birlikte, burjuvazinin ABD\u2019ye yak\u0131n olan kesimlerinin toplumsal deste\u011fini k\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, Albay Chavez, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n en yoksul kesimlerinin hayat\u0131nda iyle\u015ftirmeler yapan sosyal politikalar izledi. Bu sosyal politikalar Bolivarc\u0131 rejiminin emek\u00e7i kitlelerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde popiler bir hal almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. ABD taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen darbe giri\u015fimi 2002\u2019de ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu, \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7iler Bolivarc\u0131 rejimi savundular. \u0130lk darbenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sonra, Chavez emperyalizm yanl\u0131s\u0131 komplocular\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu affetti. Petrol enst\u00fct\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 organlar\u0131n\u0131 dizayn etti. Petrol kiras\u0131ndan gelen gelirler; e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemini modernize edip, sosyalle\u015ftiren uygulamalar\u0131n finasman\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Albay Chavez yoksul emek\u00e7i kitlelerin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 iyle\u015ftiren bir\u00e7ok sosyal politika uygulad\u0131 ama asla bunu yaparken kapitalist m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerine dokunmad\u0131. 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sosyalizmi olarak sunulan uygulamalarda, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmad\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri Bolivarc\u0131 rejim taraf\u0131ndan engellendi. T\u00fcm burjuva devletlerde oldu\u011fu gibi; Bolivarc\u0131 Ulusal Muhaf\u0131zlar grevdeki i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6steri yapan gen\u00e7leri bast\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci partisinin in\u015fa edilememesi, \u00f6zellikle Chavez\u2019i destekleyen reformist ve merkezci ak\u0131mlardan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Pablocu, Mandelci FI ve Grant\u00e7\u0131 IMT Bonopartist burjuva diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in incir yapra\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Albay Chavez\u2019i i\u015f\u00e7ilerin protestolar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korudular, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i partisinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 engellediler hatta burjuva bir parti olan PSW\u2019un kurulmas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131ktan destek verdiler. Burjuva devlet rahats\u0131z edilmeden, kapitalizm koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fken\u201d Venez\u00fcella\u2019da 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Sosyalizmi\u201dnden bahsettiler. Petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, d\u0131\u015f ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar, yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netim ve yolsuzluk, emek\u00e7i kitlelerin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve protesto dalgas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine neden oldu. Chavez 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra, Maduro ba\u015fa geldi. Zaten 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda, e\u015fi ve aile \u00fcyelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7inde kilit pozisyonlara yerle\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.2008 d\u00fcnya ekonomik krizi nedeniyle petrol fiyat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve bunun sonucunda da d\u00fcnya emperyalizminin egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda zay\u0131f bir ekonomi olman\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u015fehir ve k\u0131rsalda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle grevler ve g\u00f6steriler artt\u0131. Devrimci bir \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi\u2019nin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, burjuva muhalefetinin kendisini pop\u00fcler ve demokrat olarak adland\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fini beraberinde getirdi. Venezuella kapitalizmi 2015\u2019ten beri depresyon ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bunun ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonucu olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 enflasyon, b\u00fcy\u00fck karaborsa, yetersiz beslenme, s\u0131tma, su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sadece Proleterya Krizi \u00c7\u00f6zebilir<\/h3>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 milyon insan \u00fclkeden ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Burjuvazinin Bolivarc\u0131 rejimine muhalif kanad\u0131 ABD emperyalizmi ve b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefikler ile birlikte; halk\u0131n umutsuzlu\u011fundan ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yararlan\u0131yor. Venez\u00fcella emek\u00e7i kitlelerini ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 burjuvazinin \u015firin \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fanacak yan\u0131lsamalara kar\u015f\u0131 uyar\u0131yoruz. ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 burjuvazi iktidara gelirse, kalan sosyal kazan\u0131mlar al\u0131nacak, demokratik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler zay\u0131flayacak ve i\u015f\u00e7iler sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayacak. Guaid\u00f4 ve takip\u00e7ilerinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sosyalizm kat\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u015f\u00f6ylemleri, Bolsonara\u2019nun Brezilya\u2019daki g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan modeli takip ediyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketine ve emek\u00e7i kitlelere kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131 dalgas\u0131 ba\u015flatacakt\u0131r. Venez\u00fcella\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik emperyalist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, uluslaras\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i hareketini m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yoruz. Enternasyonalist Kom\u00fcnistler, hem Bonopartist Bolivarc\u0131 rejimi hemde emperyalist burjuvazinin ve onun yerel m\u00fcttefiklerinin plan\u0131n\u0131 bozacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, emperyalist tehtide kar\u015f\u0131 Maduro rejiminin herhangi bir imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fit olarak redediyoruz. Bir askeri darbe veya yabanc\u0131 m\u00fcdahale kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, i\u015f\u00e7iler, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, gen\u00e7ler, yoksul kitleler kendi \u00f6z \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini kurarak m\u00fccadele etmelidir. B\u00f6yle bir direni\u015f, PSUV i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin partizanlar\u0131yla ortak bir eyleme yol a\u00e7sa dahi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bayraklar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, Maduro\u2019nun yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f rejimine ve ulusal burjuvazinin tamam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00fclkede direni\u015f ve eylem komiteleri kurmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kazanmak i\u00e7in Devrimci Parti \u0130n\u015fas\u0131 gereklidir
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